Esther (Etty) Hillesum (January 15, 1914 in Middelburg, The Netherlands-November 30, 1943 in Auschwitz, Poland) was a young Jewish thinker, mystic and writer whose letters and diaries, kept between 1941 and 1943 describe life under Nazi rule in Amsterdam during the German occupation of World War II. They were published posthumously in The Netherlands in 1981, before being translated into English in 1983