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A lot more work is going to be needed. For instance, this study used a method where dogs were either in the condition where the guardian hummed' Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star' or they were in the condition where the owner made distressed noises, but it would be really interesting to look, across dogs, at how in one particular dog at a time, how the context affects how much they help, it would be really useful to know down the line what could we as humans do to get the effective helpful responses from dogs.